APPENDIX G. GLOSSARY

ABS

American Bureau of Shipping (technical and certification society)

ADCP

Acoustic Doppler current profilers for ocean current measurement at various depths (remote sensing system)

AI

Artificial intelligence

AIP

Air-independent propulsion (energy sources)

Akademik

A proposed 6,000 m Soviet Academy of Sciences research submersible to be built for the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology. Eventually the two Mirs evolved out of this earlier project concept.

Alvin

4,500 m DSV operated by Woods Hole Oceangraphic Institute

Angara

Russian tourist submarine design, 6 passengers to 600 m

Angus-1

First deep operating (300+ m) ROV in Europe

Angus-2 & -3

Improved versions of the original Angus-1 design

Argus

Russian-designed and -built 600 m depth capable manned submersible which operates primarily in the Black Sea

ASV

Abyssal survey vehicle

ASW

Antisubmarine warfare

AUV

Autonomous underwater vehicles - self powered systems that operate without a physical connection to the surface

Batfish

Towed underwater platform for oceanographic measurements

Bathymetric

Topography of ocean floor; depth measurements of large bodies of water

Boomer

Ballistic missile submarine

CAT

A center for underwater tourism (a concept being pursued by Kharax)

CIS

Commonwealth of Independent States

CLSO

Complex for Lifting Large Sunken Objects

cpu

Control and power unit (of a computer)

CTD

Conductivity, temperature, and depth (Oceanographic parameters)

Cyana

IFREMER's manned submersible with 3,000 m depth capability, based at the Toulon laboratory

Delphine- French submersible

DEM

Electronic module

DNV

Det Norske Veritas, the Norwegian classification society

DO

Dissolved oxygen (in water)

DOGGIE

Deep Ocean Geological and Geophysical Instrumented Explorer: AUV that will be used for geological survey using acoustic imaging sensors of the seabed. Part of the future plan for the Autosub project of the U.K. government.

DOLPHIN

Deep Ocean Long Path Hydrographic Instrument, a 6,000 m depth capable AUV. Another vehicle planned for future implementation in the Autosub project.

Doppler

(System

Acoustic sensor used to measure velocity over the seafloor

DSP (Chips)-Digital signal processing

DSRV

Deep submergence rescue vehicle

DSV

Deep submersible vehicles, e.g., Alvin, Mir-I & -II, etc.

DTI - British government's Department of Trade and Industry

DTVS

Diving TV Systems (Intershelf)

EEC

European Economic Community

EEVMAC

European Community supported project to develop underwater communication technology

Fish 102- A compact 100 m depth capable ROV from Intershelf

Foton

A hydrogen-oxygen (H(2)-O(2)) fuel cell developed by Energia in

(Photon)

Russia

FSU

Former Soviet Union

Gamma

An operating prototype of a 30-ton nuclear-powered thermoelectric power source (proposed by Intershelf)

GCOS

Global Climate Observing System

Gidronavt- Support vessel for submersibles Omar and Langust. "Gidronavt" (pronounced "heedronaut") translates as "hydronaut."

GOOS

Global Ocean Observing Systems - international program

GPS

Global Positioning System

Helena

A Kurchatov Institute design concept for a larger nuclear power unit of 100 kWe that employs the same basic fuel elements and design approach as Gamma

HOBU

Hydrogen-oxygen electrical battery

Hydrostat- Common usage term for hydrostatic test (i.e., pressure test)

IFREMER

French Research Institute for the Exploration of the Sea - government agency with scientific, industrial and commercial roles for French programs in ocean R&D

Ikhtiandr- Support vessel for submersibles Sever-2 and Sever-2 Bis; operated by Mariecoprom in Ukraine.

IOS

Institute of Oceanographic Sciences (Deacon Laboratory; U.K.)

Kaiko

ROV being tested by Japan. Fell 4 m short of reaching 11,000 m world's record depth in March-April 1994.

Komsomolets-Nuclear submarine (Mike Class) - Soviet submarine that sank April 7, 1989 in Norwegian Sea in 1,400 meter water. Several expeditions have been conducted to study environmental effects.

LAS

Leisure submersible apparatus (Kharax) tourist submarine designed to carry six persons and a crew of two

Lidar

Laser imaging detection and ranging system

Mariecoprom-Agency responsible for operation of Ukrainian submersibles

MARIUS

Marine utility vehicle proposed funded under MAST-II (EC cooperative project) - for coastal seabed and environmental surveys

MHD

Magneto-hydrodynamic propulsion system

Mir-I & -II-Russian 6,000 m manned submersibles, built by Rauma Oceanics in Finland for P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences

MRV

Multirole Vehicle - 5,000 m research submersible owned and operated by IFREMER

Nautile

French submersible with a 6,000 m depth capability; operated by IFREMER, based at its Toulon laboratory

Neptun

Tourist submarine designed and built by RUBIN (St. Petersburg); currently operating in Antigua

NERC

United Kingdom's National Environment Research Council

Ocean Shuttle Nonmilitary nuclear-powered submarine project that has been proposed by Lazurit; a small submarine (about 1,000 tons) that is designed for oceanographic and commercial ocean work tasks

ODAS

Oceanographic Data Acquisition System - U.K.-based AUV project jointly undertaken by Marconi, Moog Controls, Chelsea Instruments, and Alupower

Odissey

Support vessel for submersibles Sever-2 and Sever-2 Bis

Osmotr

Russian 300 m depth, diver lockout submersible

pH

Measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution

Pisces

Canadian built class of submersibles with 2,000 m depth capability. Two Pisces vehicles are operated by the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology

Poseidon- Russian deep submergence rescue vehicle

Profiler- Acoustic instrument for subbottom characterization

Project FAMOUS 1970s French-American Mid-Ocean Study on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

PSK

Phased shift key

PTT

Press-to-talk switch

Keldysh

Large oceanographic Russian research ship which is equipped to support deep submersibles. It has been the principal support ship for MIR-I and -II.

ROSSHELF- Russian company proposing seafloor-based oil and gas production complex

ROV

Remotely operated vehicle, an unmanned vehicle cable- connected and -controlled from a support platform

RRC

Russian Research Centers (e.g., Kurchatov Institute)

Rus

A 6,000 m submersible designed by Malachite

Saga

Submarine built by COMEX in France, powered submerged by two Swedish Sterling cycle engines

SE&I

Systems engineering and integration - the discipline that brings together technologies and hardware/software into an efficient product

Sever-2

2,000 m submarine designed by Malachite (tourist submarine) (also know as North-2)

SIMD

Single instruction multiple data - type of computer architecture

SIMRAD

Norwegian company engaged in acoustic systems development such as sonar, tracking as well as camera systems

SSBN

A class of U.S. nuclear powered strategic missile-carrying submarines - term often used to describe any submarines of this general type

Sub Tour

10/100

Ten-person tourist submarine (Intershelf)

Subbottom- Refers to sediments or rock making up the seafloor

Submersible

OPS

Submersible operations

Tass

Soviet (now Russian) News Agency

TEUs

20-foot equivalent units. This refers to 20 foot cargo containers for carrying cargo onboard container ships

Thermocline-Temperature inversion layers found in all oceans; water on the surface overlying colder water

Thetis-H- Towed manned submersible designed by Malachite in Russia; operated currently by Mariecoprom in Ukraine

TMS

Tether management system - control system for ROV tether

TOGA

Tropic Ocean Global Atmospheric (international program)

Trojan

ROV built by Slingsby Engineering in U.K.

TS 20/100- Russian tourist submarine design for 20 passengers; designed to operate at a depth of 100 m

TUUV

Technology for Unmanned Underwater Vehicles program (U.K.)

Uran

Deep ROV developed by Krylov Institute of Russia

USB

Ultra Short Baseline (tracking system) - technique for underwater locating and tracking

VORTEX

Versatile Ocean Subsea Robot for Technical Experiments - IFREMER's testbed ROV for validating hardware and concepts

WOCE

World Ocean Circulation Experiment (international program)

Yamato

Japanese experimental vessel with the most advanced MHD operational system in the world