APPENDIX C. GLOSSARY

A/B provider band

Separate but interleaved spectral bands licensed in the U.S. by the FCC to two commercial providers for wireless cellular communication

ac

Alternating current

A/D

Analog to digital

AES

Auger electron spectroscopy

AFRL

(U.S.) Air Force Rome Laboratory

AMPS

Advanced Mobile Phone System

AMTEL

(Japan) Advanced Mobile Telecommunication Technology, Inc.

APD

(U.S.) APD Cryogenics, Inc.

ASC

American Superconductor Corp.

ASD

Adjustable-speed drive

ATM

Asynchronous transfer mode

ATP

(U.S., DOC/NIST) Advanced Technology Program

Bi-2212

Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_x

Bi-2223

(Bi, Pb)₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O_x

BSCCO

Generic term for the whole family of Bi-based high-T_c compounds

BSCCO-2223

(Bi, Pb)₂ Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O_x (same as Bi-2223)

BTC

British Telecom (or BT)

BTi

Biomagnetic Technologies, Inc.

CDMA

Code-division multiple-access

CEC/ICMC Meeting

Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference

CMOS

Complementary metal oxide semiconductor

COE

(Japan, MOE) Centers of Excellence Program

CRL

(Japan, MPT) Communications Research Laboratory

CSAC

(U.S.) Council on Superconductivity for American Competitiveness

CSE

(U.S.) Consortium for Superconducting Electronics

CTF

(Canada) Canadian Thin Films

CVD

Chemical vapor deposition

DARPA

(U.S.) Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

dc

Direct current

DEMUX

Demultiplexer

Dewar

Vacuum flask

DoCoMo

(Japan) cellular provider

DOD

(U.S.) Department of Defense

DOE

(U.S.) Department of Energy

DSP

Digital signal processing

ET

(Japan) Eagle Technologies

ETL

(Japan, MITI) Electrotechnical Laboratory

FED

(Japan) Research and Development Association for Future Electron Devices

FET

Field effect transistor

GM

Gifford McMahon cryocooler

HTMA

(U.S., DARPA program) High Temperature Superconductor Manufacturing Alliance

HTS

High temperature superconductor/superconductive/superconductivity

HTSQUID

High temperature SQUID

HTSSE I, II, and III

(U.S.) High Temperature Superconducting Space Experiment Programs

I

Current expressed in amps

I²R

Joule heating, the product of the current squared times the resistance of a conductor

I_c

Critical current of a superconductor, the maximum amount of current that can flow below a fixed electric field or resistivity criterion

IC

Integrated circuit

IEICE

Institute of Electronics, Information, and Communication Engineers

IMD

Intermodulation distortion

IR

Current times the resistance of a conductor; equals the voltage drop along the conductor

ir

infrared

ISC

(U.S.) Illinois Superconductor, Inc.

ISEC

International Superconducting Electronics Conference

ISIS

International Superconductivity Industry Summit

ISTEC

(Japan) International Superconductivity Technology Center

ISTF

(Japan, MITI) Industrial Science and Technology Frontier program

J

Current density

J_c

Critical current density

JJ

Josephson junction

JKTC

Japan Key Technology Center

JPL

(U.S.) Jet Propulsion Laboratory (NASA/CalTech)

JST

(Japan) Science and Technology Corporation

JT

Joule-Thomson

K

degrees Kelvin

KARC

(Japan, MPT) Kansai Applied Research Center

LAO

Lanthanum aluminate

LNA

Low-noise amplifier

LPE

Liquid phase epitaxy

LSI

Large-scale integrated circuits

LTS

Low temperature superconductor/superconductive/superconductivity

LTSQUIDs

Low temperature SQUIDs

MBE

Molecular beam epitaxy

MCA

Multichannel access

MCC

(U.S.) Microelectronics and Computer Consortium

MCG

Magnetocardiogram/magnetocardiography

MCM

Multichip module

MEG

Magnetoencephalograph(y)

MELCO

(Japan) Mitsubishi Electric Co.

MIT/LL

(U.S.) Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lincoln Laboratory

MITI

(Japan) Ministry of International Trade and Industry

MOCVD

Metallorganic chemical vapor deposition

MOE

(Japan) Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture

MOV

Metal oxide varistor

MPT

(Japan) Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications

MRI

Magnetic resonance imaging

MTBF

Mean time between failures

MUX

Multiplexer

NDE

Nondestructive evaluation

NEC

(Japan) Nippon Electric Corp.

NEDO

(Japan) New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization

NIST

(U.S.) National Institute of Science and Technology

NMR

Nuclear magnetic resonance

NSA

(U.S.) National Security Agency

NTT

(Japan) Nippon Telephone and Telegraph

OEM

Original equipment manufacturer

PBCO

Praseodymium-barium-copper-oxide

PCS

Personal communication system (cell phone communication standard)

PLD

Pulsed laser deposition

p-YSZ

Polycrystalline yttrium-stabilized zirconia

Q

Quantitative measure of the ability of a cyclic system to store energy ("Quality factor")

QD

(U.S. Co.) Quantum Design

QM

Quantum Magnetics

RAM

Random access memory

RCAST

(Japan, Tokyo U.) Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology

RE

Rare earth element (such as La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, etc.)

RE-123 oxides

123 compound formed with a rare earth instead of yttrium

rf

Radio frequency

R_s(T)

Surface resistance as a function of temperature T

RSFQ

Rapid single flux quantum

SC

Superconductivity

SCE

Superconducting electronics

SCT

(U.S. Co.) Superconductor Core Technology

SEM

Scanning electron microscope

SFQ

Single flux quantum

SHE

(U.S.) Superconducting Helium Electronics

SIS

Superconductor/insulator/superconductor, a tunnel device

SNS

Superconductor-normal metal-superconductor, a tunnel device

SOI

Silicon on insulator

SQUID

Superconducting quantum interference device, a sensitive magnetic sensor

SRL

(Japan) Superconducting Research Laboratory of ISTEC

SSL

(Japan/MITI) Superconducting Sensor Laboratory

STA

(Japan) Science and Technology Agency

STI

(U.S.) Superconducting Technology, Inc.

STM

Scanning tunneling microscope

SUNY Stony Brook

(U.S.) State University of New York at Stony Brook

T

Tesla (unit)

T_c

Superconducting critical temperature: maximum temperature at which a material exhibits superconductive properties

TEM

Transmission electron microscope

Tl-1223

(Tl, Pb)(Ba, Sr)₂Ca₂Cu₃O_x

URI

(U.S., DOD) University Research Initiative

XRD

X-ray diffraction / diffractometer

Y-123

YBa₂Cu₃O_x (see also YBCO)

Y-211

Y₂BaCuO₅

YBCO

YBa₂Cu₃O_{7· d ,} yttrium-barium-copper-oxide (see also Y-123)

YSZ

Yttrium-stabilized zirconia