LIST OF FIGURES

1.1a Comparative Analysis of Key Satellite Technologies
1.1b Comparative Analysis of Key Satellite Tecnologies
1.1c Comparative Analysis of Key Satellite Technologies
1.2 World Development of Communications Satellite Advances
1.3 A Comparative View: Experimental Communications Satellite Projects in the United States, Japan, and Europe
1.4 Annual Funding for Satellite Communications Programs
1.5 National Organization for Space Development Activities
1.6 Space Activities Commission
1.7 The Annual Space Development Planning Process

2.1 A Radiation Pattern
2.2 18.3 m INTELSAT Standard A Earth Station
2.3 A Feed Horn and Associated Network
2.4 A Multiple-Horn Feed System and the Accompanying Beam Forming Network
2.5 A Phased Array Antenna
2.6 A Prototype VSAT Terminal Developed for ESA
2.7 A Front-Fed Offset Reflector Antenna with Multiple Feed Horns
2.8 The ETS-VI Satellite
2.9 Conceptual Sketch of COMETS
2.10 Conceptual Drawing of a Large Mobile Communications Satellite
2.11 Conceptual Drawing of a Large Geostationary Platform
2.12 23/32 GHz Petal Deployable Antenna
2.13 The Hexa-Link Truss Structure
2.14 A Mechanical Model of a 3 m Deployable Mesh Antenna Supported by a Hexa-link Truss Structure
2.15 The Tetrus Structure
2.16 A 3 m Space Deployable Antenna
2.17 Robotically Assembled Antenna for Space Station Freedom
2.18 A Mobile Antenna for the PRODAT-2 System
2.19 A Hand-Held L-Band "Briefcase Terminal"
2.20 Antenna Pointing Mechanism for ETS-VI
2.21 A Development Antenna Pointing Mechanism
2.22 Feed System for a Ka-band Multibeam Antenna
2.23 Feeder Link Antenna Block Diagram
2.24 Test Model of the COMETS Broadcasting Antenna
2.25 Test Model of the COMETS Feed System
2.26 A Phased Array Antenna with Microstrip Radiating Elements
2.27 An Aperture-Coupled Patch Antenna
2.28 TRMM Radar Antenna
2.29 MBB Compensated Compact Range for Antenna Measurements
2.30 VLN02 Process
2.31 Development MMIC Phase Shifter
2.32 Outline of H-I Launch Vehicle
2.33 H-I
2.34 H-I Launching Performance Capability
2.35 Flight Sequence of the H-I
2.36 Development & Operation Schedule (H-I)
2.37 Outline of H-II Launch Vehicle
2.38 H-II
2.39 Characteristics of the H-II
2.40 Flight Sequence of the H-II
2.41 Outline of J-I Launch Vehicle
2.42 J-I
2.43 Characteristics of the J-I
2.44 Flight Sequence of the J-I
2.45 Development Schedule of the J-I
2.46 Ideas for an Advanced J-I
2.47 Electric Propulsion Activities in Europe
2.48 RF-Ion Thruster Operating Principle
2.49 EURECA Mission Sequence
2.50 Block Diagram RITA on EURECA
2.51 Ion Propulsion on ARTEMIS
2.52 Propulsion/Stabilization System: PPU (ETS-VI)
2.53 Propulsion/Stabilization System: TCU (ETS-VI)
2.54 Xenon-Ion Thruster Operation
2.55 MELCO's Ion Thruster
2.56 Laboratory Model of 150 mN Ion Thruster
2.57 Bipropellant Apogee Engine
2.58 Autonomous Satellite Control & Operation (Subsystem Autonomy in Fault Tolerance)
2.59 Autonomous Satellite Control & Operation (Hierarchical Fault-tolerant Architecture)
2.60 Autonomous Satellite Control & Operation (ACS Fault-tolerant Function)

3.1 ITALSAT F2 with EMS Payload
3.2 EMS Payload Block Diagram
3.3 EMS Beam Pattern
3.4 Two Possible Inmarsat III Beam Configurations
3.5a Target Scenario for Broadband Communications: Terrestrial Network
3.5b Target Scenario for Broadband Communications: Satellite Network
3.6 High-Definition Television (HDTV)

4.1 System for Controlling Beam Power to Compensate for Rain Fading
4.2 Network Configuration of DYANET-II
4.3 UoSAT Modular Microsatellite System
4.4 Experimental Store & Forward System (Japan)
4.5 Representative Examples of Military Terminals Developed in Europe by Matra Marconi

5.1 The OLYMPUS Satellite
5.2 ARTEMIS Top Floor View
5.3 LLM Payload Block Diagram
5.4 LLM Eurobeam Coverage
5.5 LLM Spot Beam
5.6 ARTEMIS SKDR Payload Block Diagram
5.7 SILEX Operation Concept
5.8 SILEX System Characteristics
5.9 SILEX Acquisition, Trading, Transit and Receive Paths
5.10 Artist's Concept of SPOT-4 with SILEX
5.11 SILEX Terminal Layout
5.12 SILEX General Schedule
5.13 DRS Orbit Concept
5.14 Coverage of the DRS Feeder Link
5.15 DRS SKDR Payload Block Diagram
5.16 DRS Spacecraft Configuration
5.17 ITALSAT F1
5.18 ARCHIMEDES Orbit Configuration
5.19 ARCHIMEDES Single Satellite Ground Track
5.20 ARCHIMEDES Multi-Beam Arrangement
5.21 ARCHIMEDES Spacecraft with 5 m Antennas

6.1 LCE Operations Concept
6.2 LCE System Block Diagram
6.3 Operations Concept of OICETS & ARTEMIS
6.4 Candidate Configurations of OICETS
6.5 OICETS Candidate Package Layout
6.6 Block Diagram of OICETS Package Preliminary Optical Design
6.7 Gbits/sec Breadboard
6.8 Japan's COMETS
6.9 Footprints of COMETS Receive Antenna at mm-Wave (47 GHz)
6.10 Footprints of COMETS Receive Antenna at Ka-Band (31 GHz)
6.11 Block Diagram of COMETS Payload
6.12 Outline of Experiment on 21 GHz Band Satellite Broadcasting by COMETS
6.13 Block Diagram of Transponder for COMETS
6.14 Antenna Pattern in 20.7 GHz Band
6.15 ETS-VI Satellite, Antennas, Communications Orbit