Appendix F. Glossary

2DEG

2-dimensional electron gas

A/D

Analog to digital

AAAR

American Association for Aerosol Research

ADC

Analog-digital converter

AEM

Analytical electron microscopy

AFM

Atomic force microscope/microscopy

AFOSR

Air Force Office of Scientific Research

AIST

(Japan) Agency of Industrial Science and Technology

AIST

(Japan, MITI) Agency of Industrial Science and Technology

AMLCD

Active matrix liquid crystal display

AMM

Amorphous microporous mixed (oxides)

AMO

Atomic, molecular, and optical

AMR

Anisotropic magnetoresistance

ARO

(U.S.) Army Research Office

ARPES

Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy

ASET

(Japan) Association of Super-Advanced Electronics Technologies

ASTC

Australia Science and Technology Council

ATP

(Japan) Angstrom Technology Partnership

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate

B

Magnetic flux density

B/H loop

Closed figure showing B (magnetic flux density) compared to H (magnetic field strength) in a magnetizable material-also called hysteresis loop

bcc

Body-centered cubic

BMBF

(Germany) Ministry of Education, Science, Research, and Technology (formerly called BMFT)

BOD-FF

Bond-order-dependent force field

BRITE/EURAM

Basic Research of Industrial Technologies for Europe, European Research on Advanced Materials program

CAD

Computer-assisted design

CAIBE

Chemically assisted ion beam etching

CBE

Chemical beam epitaxy

CBED

Convergent beam electron diffraction

cermet

Ceramic/metal composite

CIP

Cold isostatic press

CMOS

Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

CMP

Chemical mechanical polishing

CMR

Colossal magnetoresistance

CNRS

(France) Centre National de la Récherche Scientifique

CNSF

China National Science Foundation

CRMD

Centre de Recherche sur la Matire Divise (part of CNRS, France)

CRT

Cathode ray tube

CSM

Covalent shell model

CVD

Chemical vapor deposition

CVI

Chemical vapor infiltration

D/A

Digital to analog

DARPA

(U.S.) Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

DM

Deutsche mark

DOC

(U.S.) Department of Commerce

DOD

(U.S.) Department of Defense

DOE

(U.S.) Department of Energy

DSC

Differential scanning calorimetry

e-beam

Electron-beam (lithography, etc.)

EC

Evaporation/condensation generators

EC

European Community (or Commission)

ECAMI

European-Canadian Mesoscopic Initiative

ECNM

European Consortium on NanoMaterials

ECU

European currency unit

EDX(S)

Energy-dispersive X-ray (spectroscopy)

EELS

Electron energy loss spectroscopy

EM

Electromagnetic

ENEA

(Italy) National Agency for Energy, Environment and New Technologies

EPFL

(Switzerland) École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

EPSRC

(U.K.) Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

ERATO

(Japan) Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology Program

ERC

(U.S., University of Illinois) Engineering Research Center on Microelectronics

ESCA

Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis

ESPRIT

European Commission's information technologies program

ESR

Electron spin resonance

esu

Electrostatic unit

ETL

(Japan) Electrotechnical Laboratory

ETRI

(Korea) Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute

EUSPEN

European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology

EXAFS

Extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy

fcc

Face centered cubic

FCRA

(Japan) Fine Ceramics Research Association

FE

Field emission

FEG-TEM

Field-emission gun - transmission electron microscope

FET

Field effect transistor

FE-TEM

Field-emission transmission electron microscope/microscopy

FETs

Field-effect transistors

FF

Force field

FFr

French franc

FIB

Focused ion beam

FIFO

First in - first out

FIM

Field-ion microscope/microscopy

FM

Ferromagnetic

FOA

(Sweden) National Defense Research Institute

FPMD

First-principles molecular dynamics

FzK

(Germany) Forschungzentrum Karlsruhe

GC/MS

Gas chromotograph mass spectroscopy

GDS-DFT

Gaussian dual space density functional theory

GIC

Graphite intercalated composites

GMR

Giant magnetoresistance

GP

Guinier-Preston

GPC

Gas phase condensation

GPS

Global Positioning System

GSMBE

Gas source molecular beam epitaxy

GVB

Generalized valence bond

HBFF

Hessian-based force field

H_c

Coercivity

HDDR

Hydrogenation disproportionation desorption recombination

HDS

Hydrodesulfurization

HFET

Heterojunction field effect transistor

HIP

Hot isostatic press

HMDS

Hexamethyl-disilazane

HOPG

Highly oriented pyrolitic graphic

HP

(U.S.) Hewlett-Packard

HPHT

High pressure/high temperature

HPLC

High performance liquid chromatography

HREM

High resolution electron microscope/microscopy

HRTEM

High resolution transmission electron microscope (see also HREM)

HT_c

High superconducting transition temperature

i.d.

Inner diameter

IC

(France) Institut Curie

IC

Integrated circuit

icd

internal coordinate dynamics

IGC

Inert gas condensation

IMEC

(Belgium) Interuniversity MicroElectronics Center

IP

Ionization potential

IPE

(Switzerland) Institute of Experimental Physics at EPFL

IR

Infrared

ISDN

Integrated Services Digital Network

ITO

Indium tin oxide

I-V

Current-voltage

JFCC

(Japan) Japan Fine Ceramic Center

JIM

Japanese Institute of Metals

JRCAT

(Japan) Joint Research Center for Atom Technology

JSPS

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

K

Degrees kelvin

KOH

Potassium hydroxide

KTH

(Sweden) Royal Institute of Technology

LCD

Liquid crystal display

LCT

Liquid crystal templating

LCVP

Laser-induced chemical vapor precipitation

LED

Light-emitting diode

LIGA

(German acronym) Lithographie, Galvanoformung, Abformung

LINK

(U.K.) nanotechnology programme

LPPCVD

Laser particle precipitation-aided chemical vapor deposition

LSI

Large scale integration/integrated (circuits)

LTMC

Layered transition metal chalcogenide

MA

Mechanical alloying

MBE

Molecular beam epitaxy

mCP

Microcontact printing

MD

Molecular dynamics

MEL-ARI

(Europe, ESPRIT) Microelectronics Advanced Research Initiative

MEMS

Microelectromechanical systems

MFM

Magnetic force microscopy

microSQUID

Micro-superconducting quantum interference device

MIMIC

Micromolding in capillaries

MITI

(Japan) Ministry of International Trade and Industry

MOCVD

Metal organic chemical vapor deposition

Monbusho

(Japan) Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture

MOS

Metal oxide semiconductor

MOSFET

Metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor

MOVPE

Metal organic vapor phase epitaxy

MPI

(Germany) Max Planck Institute(s)

MRAM

Magnetic random access memory

MR-CI

Multireference configuration interaction

MRI

Magnetic resonance imaging

MSC

(U.S., California Institute of Technology) Materials and Process Simulation Center

MTJ

Magnetic tunnel junction

mTM

Microtransfer molding

MWNT

Multiwalled nanotube

NAIR

(Japan) National Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research

NASA

(U.S.) National Aeronautic and Space Administration

nc

Nanocrystalline

NCA

Nanoparticle chain aggregate

NCAP

Nematic curvilinear aligned phase material

NCCE

(U.S., NSF) National Center for Computational Electronics

NDL

(Taiwan) National Nano Device Laboratories

NEDO

(Japan) New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization

NEIMO

Newton-Euler inverse mass operator method for modeling

NEMD

Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics

NEOME

(Switzerland) Network for Excellence on Organic Materials for Electronics

NFR

(Sweden) Natural Sciences Research Council

NIH

(U.S.) National Institutes of Health

NION

(U.K.) National Initiative on Nanotechnology

NIRIM

(Japan) National Institute for Research in Inorganic Materials

NIST

(U.S.) National Institute of Standards and Technology

NMR

Nuclear magnetic resonance

NNUN

(U.S.) National Nanofabrication Users Network

NOR

not or (used in logic circuits)

NRC

(Canada, also Australia) National Research Council

NRIM

(Japan) National Research Institute for Metals

NRL

(U.S.) Naval Research Laboratory

NSF

(U.S.) National Science Foundation

NSOM

Near-field scanning optical microscope/microscopy

NSS

Nanoscale systems

NUTEK

(Sweden) National Board for Industrial and Technological Development

o.d.

Outer diameter

OECD

(Int'l.) Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

OLED

Organic light-emitting device

OMBE

Organic molecular beam epitaxy

ONR

(U.S.) Office of Naval Research

PAN

Polyacrylonitrile

PB

Polybutadiene

PBC

Periodic boundary conditions

PCD

Polycrystalline diamond

PCR

Polymerase chain reaction

PDLC

Polymer-dispersed liquid crystals

PDMS

Polydimethylsiloxane

PHANTOMS

(Europe) program to investigate physics and technology of mesoscale systems

PL

Photoluminescence

PMMA

Polymethylmethacrylate

p-n junctions

Positive-negative

PoSAP

position-sensitive atom-probe

PS

Polystyrene

PS-GVB

Psuedospectral generalized valence bond

PVD

Physical vapor deposition

PVDF

Poly(vinylidene fluoride)

QCA

Quantum cellular automata

QCL

Quantum cascade lasers

QD or Q-dot

Quantum dot

QEq

Charge equilibration

QM

Quantum mechanics/mechanical

QUEST

(U.S.) Center for Quantized Electronic Structures, UCSB

rf

Radio frequency

RCMM

Reduced cell multipole method

redox

Reduction-oxidation

RGB

Red, green, blue

RHEED

Reflection high energy electron diffraction

RIE

Reactive ion etching

RIKEN

(Japan, STA) Institute of Physical and Chemical Research

RT

Room temperature

RTD

Resonant tunneling diode

SAM

Self-assembled monolayer

SAMIM

Solvent-assisted microcontact molding

SAW

Surface acoustic wave device

SAXS

Small angle X-ray scattering

SBIR

(U.S.) Small Business for Innovative Research program

SED

Single electron device

SELETE

(Japan) Semiconductor Leading Edge Technologies, Inc. (consortium)

SEM

Scanning electron microscope/microscopy

Sematech

(U.S.) Semiconductor Manufacturing and Technology Institute

SEMPA

Scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis

SEP

Size-dependent evolutionary pattern

SET

Single-electron transistor

SFM

Scanning force microscopy/microscope

SFr

Swiss franc

SIMS

Secondary ion mass spectrometry

SINQ

(Switzerland) Spallation Neutron Source

SIRI

(Japan) Semiconductor Industry Research Institute

SMM

Scanning Maxwell-stress Microscope

SNOM

Scanning near-field optical microscopy

SOI

Silicon on insulator

SOQD

Self-organized quantum dot

SPC

Statistical process control

SPD

Superplastic deformation

SPM

Scanning probe microscopy

SQUID

Superconducting quantum interference device

SRC

(U.S.) Semiconductor Research Corporation

SRRC

(Taiwan) Synchrotron Radiation Research Center

STA

(Japan) Science and Technology Agency

STARC

(Japan) Semiconductor Technology Academic Research Center

STEM

Scanning transmission electron microscope/microscopy

STM

Scanning tunneling microscope/microscopy

STN

Super twisted nematic

STTR

(U.S.) Small Business Technology Transfer program

SUNY

(U.S.) State University of New York

SWNT

Single-walled nanotubes

T

tesla

TBC

Thermal barrier coating

TCR

Temperature coefficient of resistivity

TEM

Transmission electron microscope/microscopy

TFR

(Sweden) Research Council for Engineering Sciences

TFT

Thin film transistors

T_M

Melting temperature

TMS

Tech molecular sieves; family of transition metal oxides

TMV

Trapped magnetization vortice

TSR

Tetrahedral shaped recess

UFF

Universal force field

UFP

Ultrafine particle

UHV

Ultrahigh vacuum

UHV CVD

Ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition

UHV-FE-SEM

Ultrahigh vacuum field emission scanning electron microscope

UHV STM

Ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope

ULSI

Ultra large scale integration/integrated (circuit)

VC

Vanadium-carbon

VCSELs

Vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers

VLSI

Very large scale integration/integrated (circuit)

WC/Co

Tungsten carbide/cobalt

WTEC

World Technology Division of the International Technology Research Institute at Loyola College, Baltimore, MD

XAS

X-ray absorption spectroscopy

XPS

X-ray photoemission spectroscopy

XRD

X-ray diffraction